工業(yè)通風(fēng)管道設(shè)計(jì)常見(jiàn)方式
Common ways of industrial ventilation duct design
隨著社會(huì)工業(yè)化的深入發(fā)展，工業(yè)類通風(fēng)管道設(shè)計(jì)也存在著諸多類別，不同的生產(chǎn)情況，對(duì)作業(yè)環(huán)境需求也各不相同。例如：化工類作業(yè)，由于此類作業(yè)過(guò)程中很容易產(chǎn)生帶有害因子的氣體，因此通風(fēng)管道常以凈化空氣等需求為主；而電子類作業(yè)，則以調(diào)溫控濕為主。結(jié)合其作用的范圍、有無(wú)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)等，可劃分為以下五種方式。
With the further development of social industrialization, there are many types of industrial ventilation duct design. Different production conditions have different demands on the working environment. For example, for chemical operations, since it is easy to produce gases with harmful factors in the process of such operations, the ventilation pipes are often mainly required to purify air; Electronic work is mainly temperature and humidity control. It can be divided into the following five modes according to the scope of its function and the presence or absence of power system.
（1）全面通風(fēng)。全面通風(fēng)，細(xì)分為稀釋、單向流通、均勻流通、置換四種方式。旨在對(duì)工業(yè)區(qū)域的整體面積進(jìn)行空氣流通或置換，將整個(gè)空間面積中危害因素較小、濃度較低，或是多余的濕氣、熱氣等稀釋、排除至衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值之下，確?？諝獾臐崈舳?。
(1) Full ventilation. Comprehensive ventilation is divided into dilution, one-way flow, uniform flow and replacement. The purpose is to conduct air circulation or replacement on the whole area of the industrial area, dilute and exclude the small hazard factors, low concentration, or excess moisture, hot gas, etc. in the whole space area to the limit value of the health standard, and ensure the cleanliness of the air.
（2）局部通風(fēng)。局部通風(fēng)，又分為兩種：局部送風(fēng)、局部排風(fēng)。主要是利用局部的空氣流通，達(dá)到凈化空氣，降低危害因素帶來(lái)不良影響的目的。
(2) Local ventilation. Local ventilation is divided into two types: local air supply and local exhaust. It is mainly to use local air circulation to purify the air and reduce the adverse effects caused by hazardous factors.
（3）機(jī)械通風(fēng)。通過(guò)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)，憑借風(fēng)機(jī)引起的氣壓，促使空氣流通與置換。常見(jiàn)于化工類工業(yè)，能夠?qū)⑹覂?nèi)有毒有害污染物從機(jī)械通風(fēng)管道迅速排出到指定處理區(qū)域進(jìn)行分解凈化。
(3) Mechanical ventilation. Through the power system, the air circulation and replacement are promoted by the air pressure caused by the fan. Commonly used in chemical industry, it can quickly discharge indoor toxic and harmful pollutants from the mechanical ventilation pipe to the designated treatment area for decomposition and purification.
（4）自然通風(fēng)。自然通風(fēng)，顧名思義是一種憑借室外風(fēng)力形成的風(fēng)壓，以及室內(nèi)外空氣溫差所引起的熱壓下的空氣流通，是以自然因素為依托的無(wú)動(dòng)力通風(fēng)方式。因自然因素存在不穩(wěn)定性，故被工業(yè)單獨(dú)采用的情況較少，常與其他方式結(jié)合來(lái)使用。
(4) Natural ventilation. Natural ventilation, as its name implies, is an air circulation under the wind pressure formed by the outdoor wind force and the thermal pressure caused by the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air. It is a non dynamic ventilation mode based on natural factors. Due to the instability of natural factors, it is rarely used by industry alone and often combined with other methods.
（5）事故通風(fēng)。事故通風(fēng)，是工業(yè)中非常特殊的一類通風(fēng)方式，通常是因工業(yè)事故而造成的有大量毒害污染物，或有爆炸隱患的氣體或蒸汽存在時(shí)進(jìn)行排除或稀釋的一種通風(fēng)方式，旨在保證事故發(fā)生時(shí)，能夠有足夠可靠的通風(fēng)管道來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)通風(fēng)換氣量。實(shí)際上，要想實(shí)現(xiàn)更全面的通風(fēng)效果，普遍會(huì)結(jié)合采用至少兩種通風(fēng)方式。
(5) Accident ventilation. Accident ventilation is a very special type of ventilation mode in industry. It is usually a ventilation mode to eliminate or dilute a large number of toxic pollutants or gas or steam with explosion potential caused by industrial accidents. It aims to ensure that there are enough reliable ventilation pipes to cope with the ventilation volume in case of accidents. In fact, in order to achieve a more comprehensive ventilation effect, at least two ventilation modes are generally combined.
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